I Gatorade oh bugger luck kurama hi
Gabby
welcome to this edition of NASA images
I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show
we're focusing on historic NASA footage
showing down-to-earth uses of space
technology our first clip from early
nineteen seventy three shows how a moon
rock analyzer benefits medicine this
ambulance arriving at a hospital in
Boston has something in common with
these astronauts collecting lunar
samples on the moon the two come
together as a result of the work being
done here a chemistry lab at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
when unconscious patients without
medical identification arrive at Boston
hospitals blood samples or other body
fluids are sent to the MIT lab using
sophisticated equipment researchers are
able to tell if the patient has had an
overdose of drugs or other poisons the
procedure takes two hours in the past
two days was not uncommon the new
technique can determine which of several
hundred drugs the patient may have taken
Ness originally purchased the mass
spectrometer set up for us as part of
the project to analyze rocks brought
back from the moon since this equipment
was available to us here in the
laboratory we decided to utilize it for
the purpose of analyzing body fluids and
has worked out very well for this
purpose also dr. Kathryn Costello is
responsible for the hospital project at
MIT we do samples on an emergency basis
24 hours a day on call for any hospital
which requests such an analysis there is
no charge to the hospitals for this
service we ask dr. Costello to describe
the analysis process
if the sample which we receive is blood
then it must first be centrifuged this
separates the heavier red blood cells
from the serum layer which will contain
the drug and which we analyze after it's
placed in the centrifuge the upper layer
contains the serum and this is removed
and placed into a small separatory
funnel solvent is then added to this
funnel and after it shakes it's
separated and the drugs the drug
metabolites will be contained in the
lower layer which is the organic solvent
this is then removed and brought down to
a very small volume with a rotary
evaporator this concentrated solution is
then ready for analysis by the
instrumental senate a small amount of
this is injected into the gas
chromatograph which now separates this
complex mixture into single components
these pass directly into the mass
spectrometer where the analysis is done
and a fingerprint pattern is obtained
for each compound now the computer is
printing out the results of its search
and what will give us as a list of the
drugs which this person is ingested
his head rested oh now it also appears
that he's ingested the drugs
methaqualone the computer system used
originally to search for organic
compounds on the moon was developed by
dr. Klaus Beeman professor of chemistry
at MIT I think it is worthwhile to point
out that this is an excellent example we
are basically search conducted in a
university laboratory and supported by
various governmental agencies in this
case this NASA and national institutes
of health has contributed to the
generation of the instrumental system
that can
be used for the benefit of the general
public in this case to help individuals
that profound reason another in an
emergency situation and need help
rapidly reliably and cheaply Moonrock
analyzer getting doctors a new
diagnostic tool our next historic clip
from 1974 shows how space sensors help
children with cerebral palsy body
sensors used in studies for spaceflight
at NASA's Ames Research Center in
California are now being put to good use
at the Children's Hospital Stanford
University Marty these are electrodes
that I'm gonna put in your tennis shoes
the purpose to better understand and
acquire more precise measurements of the
walking patterns of youngsters with
cerebral palsy we have the beginning to
the gait analysis laboratory which we're
in study children with several palsy the
way they walk in the way their muscles
act during walking you'll want to know
which muscles are acting during stance
and that's when they're the challenge
foot is on the ground and we want to
know which muscles are working during
swing that's when the towels foot is in
the air Fran Ford is an orthopaedic
research associate at the Children's
Hospital the young man she is working
with is three and one half year old
Marty melero up ok that's where you're
most less so that's play what place will
test you know you could help me you'd
lie see these blue tabs you can pull
this off the paper for me cuz I'll need
one pretty soon
Marty these are the surface electrodes
that we're going to put on you they're
going to tell me what your muscles are
doing as you're walking girls learning
modules are like radio stations to see
my antenna over there miss Ford asked
NASA engineers for help after
experiencing problems with the test
equipment she had been using it tells
dr. black good things about me okay
before the shoulder work directly cabled
into the machinery in other words el
wire work from the surface electrodes
right over across the floor and into the
machinery itself this creates a great
deal of fear within the child because
he's connected to a machine also
children cerebral palsy have great
balance problems and having the wires
trailing along behind adding excess
weight also created many many problems
with their balance so I don't feel that
I was getting a true reading from their
muscles where your muscle was back here
so I want you to push your foot down 20
down toward the ground that's right very
good do it again push really hard down
toward the ground now connect your tiny
impulses from marty's leg muscles are
transmitted by other sensors through a
radio transmitter which he wears around
his waist to this receiver recorder here
we have to wait a second look at all the
scrip of wines your muscles are making
isn't that fantastic your muscles are so
strong that they're going off my paper
these are the action potential for
Marty's muscles as you can see there's
some who are continuously active some of
active and Schmidt early here's off this
is all timed with his foot sequence the
stance his swing phases using
preamplifiers surface electrodes and
cabling already developed for NASA Fran
ford began getting good test results in
her own work we think the equipment the
testing itself and equipment helps the
youngsters by teaching them more about
their body not just giving us data that
we can put in an article for the
classify under research teaches him more
which muscles are acting as he's walking
and which muscles are quiet as he's
walking and he can try and more control
this to make his walk more like a normal
person's walk would be the equipment
should also prove useful to others very
definitely useful in fact we hope to
have this equipment so simplified that
mini therapist untrained therapists can
use this equipment out in the say
crippled children schools all over the
state of California all over the United
States that so the children don't have
to be sent into a medical center they
don't have to leave their parents are
make a long journey into the US okay
centralized location for this kind of
testing I strikes the plexus
yeah what is that yeah what we could do
that
certainly are being a big boy I'm a very
cooperative another use for space
technology may affect bridge safety as
this 1974 clip shows there are nearly
half a million bridges in this country
although infrequently they do
occasionally collapse causing injury and
death such was the case on December
fifteenth nineteen sixty seven when the
silver bridge in Point Pleasant West
Virginia collapsed from a structural
defect in fell into the Ohio River 48
people lost their lives some
surveillance techniques such as is
represented by random deck could very
well have foretold the structural
failure before it happened and that's
exactly what we're trying to do with
random deck we want to be able to keep
very close track or lock poker trachten
has been possible in the past of the
structural integrity of bridges Horace
Emerson is in the office of Technology
utilization at NASA's Ames Research
Center in California the land of Jack
technique is the means of obtaining
random vibrational inputs to a structure
such as this Ridge that I'm standing
there and processing those signals
through an analyzer to obtain a
signature for the structure now that
signature won't change with time unless
something happens to the structure
itself of the bridge tiding
accelerometers that sense vibrations and
NASA wind tunnels are used along with
the computer for analysis the joint
study with the Federal Highway
Administration is an attempt to find out
if the technique is feasible for use on
bridges all over the US Horace Emerson
describes how the tests are made well we
started out here with the portable
equipment that we need in the back of a
station wagon
and then the engineers climb up the hill
and to fix the accelerometers two studs
that have been previously glued to the
structural members of the bread this has
two advantages one you don't damage the
bridge at all and you can always go back
for the same exact same location with
your accelerometer then the wire that
will carry the signal from the
accelerometer is attached to the
accelerometer and carried back down the
hill and plugged in to the tape
recording equipment dr. Robert Reed of
Nielsen engineering and research is
making the on-site measurements here we
have a portable oscilloscope which
actually shows the vibration that's
occurring on the bridge when a car comes
over the bridge here comes a
small car now you'll see a burst of
vibration
yeah the car is above it when the tape
recorders brought back from the bridge
the data is played back through our
analysis equipment which we can see your
coal also abuse on engineering processes
the bridge data through the random that
computer it reforms here and each time
you see it flash it means that the car
truck is passing over the bridge
now as this signature forms it will take
a definite shape and we can compare that
when it's complete with a signature
taken from a previous month now when we
overlap the signature from this month
and the one from last month we notice
that there are no changes our riff
change did occur then we could would
have to go back to the bridge and
inspect it more thoroughly it would look
like this if there were a crack or other
structural problems on the bridge today
bridges are visually inspected in the
future these same bridges may be
reliably and inexpensively monitored for
structural defects long before damage
occurs using techniques from Aeronautics
and Space Research in another clip we
see how a quadriplegic is aided by a
space device an electronic device
designed originally to activate controls
in a spacecraft in case astronauts lost
the use of their limbs is now being used
at Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami and
other places by people like 18 year old
George Cunningham George was injured
playing football on November 21st 1973
as a result he's paralyzed from the neck
down new life as it is called is built
by scientific systems international and
combines two small video display screens
and a miniature computer with a huff and
a puff George can do for himself what
others had to do before this is panel
here with 19 different things I can do
and on the left side I have different
numbers okay on the right side the 19
different things are called channels
that's a picket channel I inhale on this
thing like I'm going to number two I
inhaled one was on zero and the numbers
flash by and I inhaled on two now to
work it I brought it to get the dial
tone
and it's on zero and I born 02 start the
numbers and I are born the number i want
now what somebody answers I just talking
to the phone
oh hello Connie yeah this is George I
hire van are you fine art are you coming
to hospital tonight yeah yeah what time
can you get here now visiting hours are
over at eight-thirty could he make it
around seven yeah all right seeing that
okay bye-bye and then I just blow to
hang up George can't control the volume
on his TV set the same way now inhale
again forget to number four and that's
the volume and then I blow you could
turn it up I could blow again it'll turn
it down to call nurse that's number one
on my channel box all I do is inhale
until it gets to one inhale again and
then blow the nurses like clothes on
when you get a minute and you give me a
glass of water please sure I'll be in in
just a minute then I can go and turn my
radio on by inhaling wait until gets the
five inhaling again then blowing that
turns it on and then i can change
stations by blowing
offered with it eventually i could just
turn it off i keep blowing I inhale
again not blow not life behind we should
go on young Cunningham can even open and
close the curtains in his room we asked
George of being able to do things for
himself had changed his outlook oh
definitely I pick it up gives me an idea
of what I can do when they get out of
here I can do many things for the
telephone companies hiring people I can
do different recordings and stuff like
that and it'll help me with college with
the help of a device developed for use
by astronauts in space quadriplegics and
others with great physical problems are
being aided in their struggle for
rehabilitation
NASA spin-offs have been used to help
amputees to the releasing mechanism that
hold Saturn rockets on the pad until the
engines reach full thrust and high
purity carbon lining the engine nozzles
are now being used in a pilot program to
make better fitting quick releasing
artificial legs and arms here a test to
check the release mechanism that will be
used in launching the American half of
next year's joint us-soviet link up in
space 3 2 1 March of last year a doctor
from rancho las amigas hospital visited
us to tell us about the work on the dial
compatible carbon after the formal
presentation we had a promise Owens is a
design engineer at the Kennedy Space
Center Florida during this the doctor
asked if we could not use our experience
on disconnects to come up with a simple
easy way to connect an artificial limb
to the stub of an amputee something will
allowed dispensing of all the former
trappings such as straps and belts we
used our experience and came up with a
prototype like this for a leg attachment
one of the problems of designing a
device which has no precedent in use is
that unusual designs have to be used in
terms of the equipment dr. vert Mooney
is chief of the amputees Center rancho
los Amigos hospital los angeles senators
of nasa installations and the people at
kennedy space center heard us describe
our difficulty in achieving a connector
system apparently this is a problem
which they had solved nicely for
connective systems to their umbilical
lines with the space shots and they
presented their ability to solve this
for us which indeed they did and they
have manufactured the connector system
in the metallic implant
we did the general design work as to
what we's needed but they very nicely
accomplished the solution of it tabela
illustrate this is an exact replica what
was used in the first operation rancho
las amigas in March this portion was
implanted in the lower leg of a patient
and this portion is being built into the
artificial limb to attach will attach
very simply and release sup
in less than six months NASA engineers
built an inexpensive scaled-down version
of the quick release mechanism parts
made at the Kennedy Space Center include
a special shock absorbing rubber
isolator cast and vulcanized in the
rubber and plastics land
and the steel shaft that is eventually
implanted into the bone attached to the
metal shaft and protruding through the
skin is a small high-purity carbon
button the type of carbon developed for
use in the space program the body
doesn't reject carbon as it does other
materials here surgeons at Rancho Los
Amigos Hospital prepare to implant the
steel shaft and carbon button into the
lower leg of an amputee patient although
it will be a while before the technique
is made available for general clinical
use doctors are optimistic about this
space hardware that makes snap-on
artificial limbs a reality
our final historical documentary report
goes back to nineteen seventy-four as
did all but the first of our films
during the show this report documents
how space technology was used to improve
a heart pacemaker now here's the report
this is three and one-half year-old
Jennifer gurashi Oh since July 1973
jennifer has been using a unique
rechargeable pacemaker to increase her
heart rate from slow to near normal she
joins some 60,000 other Americans who
have heart pacemakers implanted every
year developed by Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory
the pacemaker makes use of power cells
originally used aboard satellites in
space it is half the thickness and
one-third the volume of earlier models
and can be painlessly recharged from
outside the body for 20 years this
eliminates the need for surgery every
two years to remove and replace
batteries mrs. kathleen garay she owed
tells what the new device has meant to
her daughter Jennifer meant a lot
because since Jennifer's had the
pacemaker there's been a complete change
in her she's grown in size she's acting
very normal we before she really
couldn't pray or keep up with the other
children it also means a great deal so
was knowing that she doesn't have to be
operated on every two years and
also the size of it that it's small
enough for her the other pacemakers are
quite large what the pacemaker does is
send an electrical impulse to the heart
speeding up Jennifer's heartbeat from a
slow rate of 42 a normal 72 beats a
minute and normal she is she does nearly
everything a healthy youngster can do
and especially enjoys playing with her
brothers cousins and friends her routine
was different for only 90 minutes a week
when she recharges the pacemaker
batteries pacemakers charger is very
simple
it's convenient enough to carry you can
take it anywhere necessary to charge her
it's also very good if we were at a
week's vacation we wouldn't have to take
it with us if you mix a week you can
catch up on it but there'd be no harm to
Jennifer if we should not do it that
alarm means that the charging head is
not meeting up it lets us know that it's
not charging when it stops the green
light goes on and that means that she's
being charged and when the whole
charging period is finished a blue light
goes on a let us know that it's the end
of the charge this means that she's
charged for another week and we'll have
to do it until next week we asked mrs.
Garagiola about the outlook for
Jennifer's future the outlook for
Jennifer's future is very good the
doctors say that she can live to be a
ripe old age and she could grow up to to
be anything she wants to be the basic
concept for the long life battery in
Jennifer's pacemaker has been proven in
over 10 years of space use a good
example of technology for space now
being used to help people that's all for
this edition of NASA images but before
we go I'd like to invite you to stop by
and visit our visitor center here at the
NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland
and enjoy the many displays that are
here until next time this is Lynn
Bondurant saying goodbye from the NASA
Lewis Research Center in Cleveland Ohio
you